{"id":12979,"date":"2023-07-17T12:12:41","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T10:12:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lanaja.sk\/z-historie-lnu\/"},"modified":"2024-05-15T11:59:06","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T09:59:06","slug":"z-historie-lnu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lanaja.sk\/cs\/z-historie-lnu\/","title":{"rendered":"Z historie lnu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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HISTORIE LNU <\/strong><\/p>\n

Len (Linum usitatissimum)<\/strong> je rostlina, kter\u00e1 se p\u011bstuje pro vl\u00e1kninu a semena. Len je jednou z nejstar\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin a jeho p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed sah\u00e1 a\u017e do starov\u011bku. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee lid\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali divok\u00fd len jako textil, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z dne\u0161n\u00ed Gruzie<\/a> , kde sp\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e1, barven\u00e1 a v\u00e1zan\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna divok\u00e9ho lnu nalezen\u00e1 v jeskyni Dzudzuana<\/a> poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z obdob\u00ed svrchn\u00edho paleolitu<\/a> p\u0159ed 30 000 lety. Len se hojn\u011b p\u011bstoval ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b.<\/a><\/p>\n

Egypt m\u00e1 bohatou historii pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed lnu. V Egypt\u011b se len p\u011bstoval pro sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvalo k v\u00fdrob\u011b l\u00e1tek, plachet, ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch textili\u00ed. Egyptsk\u00e9 mumie byly balzamov\u00e1ny do ln\u011bn\u00e9 tkaniny vyroben\u00e9 ze ln\u011bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna. Krom\u011b toho se len p\u011bstoval tak\u00e9 pro sv\u00e1 semena, ze kter\u00fdch se z\u00edsk\u00e1val ln\u011bn\u00fd olej. Tento olej se pou\u017e\u00edval v potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, stejn\u011b jako pro konzerva\u010dn\u00ed a kosmetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Obchod se lnem byl d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed egyptsk\u00e9 ekonomiky. Egypt\u0161t\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed nosili pouze pl\u00e1tno, proto\u017ee to bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za symbol \u010distoty. F\u00e9ni\u010dan\u00e9 obchodovali s egyptsk\u00fdm suknem po cel\u00e9m St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed a \u0158\u00edman\u00e9<\/a> z n\u011bj vyr\u00e1b\u011bli plachty.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Fotografie od Ilona Frey na adrese Unsplash<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Dnes se len st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b textili\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b potravin a l\u00e9k\u016f. Je zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdmi zdrav\u00fdmi tuky a vitam\u00edny a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 jako p\u0159\u00edsada do n\u011bkter\u00fdch kosmetick\u00fdch produkt\u016f. Ln\u011bn\u00e1 sem\u00ednka obsahuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly a vitam\u00edny, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro zdrav\u00ed. Ln\u011bn\u00e1 sem\u00ednka se tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k v\u00fdrob\u011b oleje, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v kuchyni a v kosmetice. Krom\u011b toho se len pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b biopaliv, pap\u00edru, izolace. Ln\u011bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno je velmi pevn\u00e9 a odoln\u00e9, proto se z n\u011bj vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed i lana, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v mnoha pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy, stavebnictv\u00ed a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Len m\u00e1 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b mnoho vyu\u017eit\u00ed v medic\u00edn\u011b.<\/strong> Ln\u011bn\u00e9 sem\u00ednko se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed l\u00e9k na r\u016fzn\u00e9 neduhy, v\u010detn\u011b cukrovky, srde\u010dn\u00edch chorob a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu. Obsahuje omega-3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro zdrav\u00ed srdce a mozku, a tak\u00e9 vl\u00e1kninu, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 regulovat tr\u00e1ven\u00ed a sni\u017eovat hladinu cholesterolu v krvi. Len se tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako p\u0159\u00edsada do mnoha kosmetick\u00fdch produkt\u016f, proto\u017ee obsahuje vitam\u00edny a miner\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro zdrav\u00ed poko\u017eky a vlas\u016f. Ln\u011bn\u00e9 sem\u00ednko a olej se tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00edsada do kosmetick\u00fdch produkt\u016f, proto\u017ee jsou bohat\u00e9 na vitam\u00edny E a F<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed hydratovat a regenerovat poko\u017eku. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se len st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le obl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rostlinou d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu mnohostrann\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed a zdravotn\u00edm p\u0159\u00ednos\u016fm, kter\u00e9 poskytuje. Mnoho zem\u00ed podporuje p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed lnu jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch a ekonomick\u00fdch ekonomik a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee jeho v\u00fdznam v budoucnu poroste. Celkov\u011b je len zaj\u00edmavou rostlinou s mnoha zp\u016fsoby vyu\u017eit\u00ed v minulosti i sou\u010dasnosti a jeho semena a vl\u00e1knina maj\u00ed mnoho zdravotn\u00edch v\u00fdhod. D\u00edky sv\u00e9mu mnohostrann\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed v medic\u00edn\u011b, potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kosmetice a pr\u016fmyslu se len stal d\u016fle\u017eitou plodinou, kterou lidstvo oce\u0148uje pro jej\u00ed v\u00fdhody po tis\u00edce let.<\/p>\n

Ln\u011bn\u00e1 sem\u00ednka se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k v\u00fdrob\u011b potravin, jako jsou m\u00fcsli, pe\u010divo nebo energetick\u00e9 ty\u010dinky. Tato semena obsahuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly a vitam\u00edny, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro zdrav\u00ed, jako je v\u00e1pn\u00edk <\/strong>, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 budovat siln\u00e9 kosti a zuby, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk<\/strong>, kter\u00fd napom\u00e1h\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed sval\u016f a nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, a drasl\u00edk<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro regulaci krevn\u00edho tlaku. Krom\u011b toho obsahuje tak\u00e9 zinek<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, vitam\u00edn E<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je antioxidantem a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 chr\u00e1nit bu\u0148ky p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm, a vitam\u00edn B-komplex<\/strong>, kter\u00fd podporuje zdrav\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 funkci mozku.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Fotografie od Bea Marciniak na adrese Unsplash<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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V 19. stolet\u00ed. V XVI. stolet\u00ed se za\u010dal rychle rozv\u00edjet ln\u011bn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. V tomto obdob\u00ed se ln\u011bn\u00e9 textilie staly velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00edmi tak\u00e9 v Americe. Len se pou\u017e\u00edval k v\u00fdrob\u011b od\u011bv\u016f, lo\u017en\u00edho pr\u00e1dla, ubrus\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch textili\u00ed. Ln\u011bn\u00e9 pl\u00e1tno se pou\u017e\u00edvalo k v\u00fdrob\u011b lodn\u00edch plachet, stan\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edho vybaven\u00ed pro arm\u00e1du. Ln\u011bn\u00fd olej se pou\u017e\u00edval k va\u0159en\u00ed, osv\u011btlen\u00ed a kosmetice. Ln\u011bn\u00e1 sem\u00ednka se pou\u017e\u00edvala k v\u00fdrob\u011b mouky, oleje.<\/p>\n

P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a historie lnu, v\u00fdroba ln\u011bn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tna m\u00e1 v oblastech severn\u00edho Slovenska dlouholetou tradici.<\/strong> Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z ran\u00e9ho novov\u011bku, ale zn\u00e1m\u00e9 spi\u0161sk\u00e9 pl\u00e1tno se proslavilo a\u017e v 16. stolet\u00ed. Stolet\u00ed. Ln\u011bn\u00e9 pl\u00e1tno se obchodovalo v Debrec\u00ednu, Budape\u0161ti a V\u00eddni, odkud se d\u00e1le p\u0159epravovalo do Doln\u00edch Uher, Arm\u00e9nie a pozd\u011bji do Ameriky. Klimatick\u00e9 a geografick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky tatransk\u00e9ho regionu, kter\u00fd v\u017edy opl\u00fdval dostatkem sr\u00e1\u017eek a kvalitn\u00edm slo\u017een\u00edm p\u016fdy, umo\u017enily p\u011bstovat rostliny bohat\u00e9 na jemn\u00e1 a leskl\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna.<\/p>\n

V \u010ceskoslovensku<\/a> byl len d\u016fle\u017eitou zem\u011bd\u011blskou plodinou, zejm\u00e9na v bramborov\u00fdch a podhorsk\u00fdch oblastech. Za prvn\u00ed republiky<\/a> do\u0161lo k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu rozmachu p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed lnu v roce 1925, kdy bylo znovu oseto 24 731 hektar\u016f, v\u00fdnos sklizen\u00e9ho ln\u011bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna \u010dinil 13 070 tun. V roce 1929 klesla osevn\u00ed plocha lnu na 18 783 ha a klesaj\u00edc\u00ed produkci po dovozu ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed \u0159e\u0161ila tehdej\u0161\u00ed Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna. Rozvoj p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed lnu nastal tak\u00e9 po 2. Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se v\u00fdroba op\u011bt zv\u00fd\u0161ila a\u017e do 80. let. Ro\u010dn\u00edky 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy bylo znovu oseto a\u017e 25 tis\u00edc hektar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Od za\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let. Ro\u010dn\u00edky 20. V 19. stolet\u00ed se v d\u016fsledku otev\u0159en\u00ed trhu z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a nerovn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed plocha p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed lnu neust\u00e1le zmen\u0161ovala.<\/p>\n

Tkalcovstv\u00ed a pl\u00e1ten\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed m\u011blo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed historii v Ke\u017emarku, kde byla v roce 1860 zalo\u017eena prvn\u00ed tov\u00e1rna \u2013 mechanick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00e1delna a tkalcovna lnu<\/strong>, v roce 1884 tov\u00e1rna na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed lnu a v roce 1901 tov\u00e1rna na sukno. Majitel\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny nav\u00e1zali na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed tradice. Na konci 19. stolet\u00ed. V XVI. stolet\u00ed byly ve m\u011bst\u011b a\u017e t\u0159i men\u0161\u00ed tov\u00e1rny, ale do d\u011bjin se zapsala osoba obchodn\u00edka Karola Weina, \u0159editele komanditn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti Karol Wein a spol. Charles Wein fRoz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il a zmodernizoval Irmu. Za jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed zde bylo 400 mechanick\u00fdch tkalcovsk\u00fdch stroj\u016f, b\u011blidlo na tr\u00e1vu a barv\u00edrna pl\u00e1tna. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bl se zde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dama\u0161ek, ubrusy, ru\u010dn\u00edky, ru\u010dn\u00edky, l\u016f\u017ekoviny a kapesn\u00edky. Dod\u00e1vala v\u00fdrobky nejen na dom\u00e1c\u00ed trh, ale i do balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Zam\u011bstn\u00e1vala 500 tkalc\u016f a 300 d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u0161vadlen a vy\u0161\u00edva\u010dek. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem ledna 1945 byla v\u00fdroba zastavena a majitel\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny textiln\u00ed tov\u00e1rnu evakuovali. O dva roky pozd\u011bji byla tov\u00e1rna zn\u00e1rodn\u011bna a p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1na na st\u00e1tn\u00ed podnik Tatra\u013ean, ln\u011bn\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny v Ke\u017emarku (26.7.1948) V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b firma Tatra\u013ean v Ke\u017emarku zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze 11 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a zab\u00fdv\u00e1 se v\u00fdvojem a obchodem se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi tkaninami ur\u010den\u00fdmi pro maskovac\u00ed od\u011bvy pro silov\u00e9 slo\u017eky. 160 let star\u00e1 tatransk\u00e1 tradice, ze kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m bohu\u017eel nic nezbylo.<\/span><\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi producenty lnu od p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v Evrop\u011b Belgie, It\u00e1lie, Polsko, Francie, Nizozemsko, B\u011blorusko, Litva, Loty\u0161sko, Estonsko a v minulosti Ukrajina. Pobaltsk\u00e9 zem\u011b<\/strong> Maj\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky<\/strong> pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed lnu d\u00edky m\u00edrn\u00e9mu klimatu, lehk\u00fdm p\u016fd\u00e1m a dostatku slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu. Len je odoln\u00e1 rostlina, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee r\u016fst v r\u016fzn\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, ale nejl\u00e9pe se j\u00ed da\u0159\u00ed v m\u00edrn\u00e9m podneb\u00ed. Len je tak\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na sv\u011btlo, proto je pot\u0159eba ho p\u011bstovat v oblastech, kde je dostatek slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu. K jeho p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba um\u011bl\u00e9 zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ani pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f, ale je to skv\u011bl\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va? <\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 zpracovan\u00e1 videa a \u010dl\u00e1nky o p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed lnu ze semen na Slovensku, napsala Vladim\u00edra Ma\u0165a\u0161eov\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 diplomov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci P\u0158\u00cdB\u011aH LNU<\/a> Jej\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 videa m\u016f\u017eete sledovat na Youtube TU<\/a> Vladim\u00edra si to vyzkou\u0161ela na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei, od samotn\u00e9ho s\u00e1zen\u00ed, p\u0159es sklize\u0148, \u010des\u00e1n\u00ed, ml\u00e1cen\u00ed, p\u0159eden\u00ed lnu atd. Je to zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed. Jsme tak\u00e9 r\u00e1di, \u017ee v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159iv\u00edtat na na\u0161em blogu <\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HISTORIE LNU Len (Linum usitatissimum) je rostlina, kter\u00e1 se p\u011bstuje pro vl\u00e1kninu a semena. Len je jednou z nejstar\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin a jeho p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed sah\u00e1 a\u017e do starov\u011bku. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee lid\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali divok\u00fd len jako textil, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z dne\u0161n\u00ed Gruzie , kde sp\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e1, barven\u00e1 a v\u00e1zan\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna divok\u00e9ho lnu nalezen\u00e1 v jeskyni […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12982,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[316,317],"class_list":["post-12979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-len","tag-len","tag-pestovani-lnu"],"yoast_head":"\nZ historie lnu • Lanaja-slovensk\u00e1 udr\u017eiteln\u00e1 zna\u010dka a v\u00fdrobce ln\u011bn\u00e9ho textilu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"historie lnu, prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky o lnu, p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed lnu, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u011bstitel\u00e9 lnu v Evrop\u011b, p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a 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